Contents
Introduction
Measurement and Calculation Fundamentals
Percentage of Error
Patient Compliance Rate
Dose Calculations
Calibration of Droppers
Number of Doses in a specified amount
Drug Dosage based on Age
Drug Dosage based on Body Weight
Drug Dosage based on Body Surface Area
Altering Formulas
Volume Vs Density Vs Specific Gravity
Mass / Volume / Density
Specific Gravity for Liquids
Spcific Gravity for Solids
solids insoluble in water and heavier than water
solids soluble in water and heavier than water
solids insoluble in water and lighter than water
granulated solids insoluble in water and heavier than water
Specific Volume
Percentage Calculations
Percentage Weight-in-Volume
Percentage Volume-in-Volume
Percentage Weight-in-Weight
Percentage in Compendial Standards
Ratio Strength Vs Percentage Strength
Preperation based on Ratio Strength
Conversions of concentration to mg/mL
Clinical laboratory test values
Ratio Strength, % Strength, and Parts per million (ppm)
ppm Usuage
Dilution and Concentration
Percentage Strength determination on Dilution/Concentration
Ratio Strength on Dilution/Concentration
Stock Solutions
Method (i)
Method (ii)
Method (iii)
Diluent Calculation
Alcohol Dilution
Acid Dilution
Dilution and Concentration of Solids
Method (i)
Method (ii)
Method (iii)
Method (iv)
Method (v)
Alligation medial - Percentage strength of mixture
Alligation Alternate
Specific gravity of Mixture
Isotonic Solutions & Electrolyte Solutions
Calculation for Isotnoic Solution preparation
Sodium Chloride equivalent of a substance
Converting milliequivalents per unit volume to weight per unit volume and vice versa
milliequivalents/mL to mg/mL
Milligram percent to milliequivalents per Litre
Weight to milliequivalents
To provide specified milliequivalent level
Millimoles Vs Milligram
Osmolarity
Constituted Solutions and Admixtures
Concentration after reconstitution (oral solution / suspension)
Concentration after reconstitution (parenterals)
Parenteral Nutrition
Caloric Requirement Calculation
Daily quantity requirement / Caloric supply
I V Fluid delivery over specified period
Drug Availability and Pharmacokinetics
Amount of Bioavailable drug from a dosage plan
Bioequivalent amounts of two bio-inequivalent products
Plasma concentration of unbound drug (free drug)
Apparent volume of distribution
Total amount of drug content
Elimination rate constant & Elimination half-life
Creatinine Clearance and Dosage Calculation
Ideal Body Weight
Creatinine clearance rate
Adjusting Creatinine clearance rate
Loading dose & Maintenance dose based on Ideal Body Weight
Radioactive Pharmaceuticals
Half-Lives of Some Radioisotopes
Half-Life Vs Disintegration Constant
Conversion Equivalents
Intersystem Conversions
Conversion Equivalents in Length
Conversant Equivalents in Volume
Conversion Equivalents of Weights
Apothecaries' fluid measure
Apothecaries' measure of weight
Avoirdupois measure of weight
Pharmacoeconomic Calculations
Cost difference between drugs
Discounts
Net Cost and a series of discounts
Single Discount Equivalent
Net Cost with Single Discount Equivalent
Calculation of Selling Price
Gross Profit on Cost
Gross Profit on Selling Price
Prescription Pricing
Percent Markup
Percent Markup plus a Minimum Professional Fee
Professional Fee
Thermometry and Proof Strength
Centigrade Vs Fahrenheit
Proof Strength
Proof Gallons Vs Wine Gallons
Tax Calculation
Solubility Ratios
Percentage strength of saturated solution with given solubility
Solubility of the substance with known specific gravity of the solution
Solubility fo the substance
Primary Emulsion Calculation
HLB Systems
HLB Values of some Surfactants
"Required HLB" Values of some Ingredients
HLB of a blend of Emulsifiers
Required HLB for the oil phase
Relative amounts of emulsifiers to obtain required HLB
Buffer Solutions
pKa value of a weak acid with known dissociation constant
pH value of a salt/acid buffer system
pH value of a base/salt buffer system
Molar ratio of salt/acid required to prepare desired pH
Components of a buffer solution to yield a specific volume
Change in pH with addition of an acid or base
Chemical Problems
Gram Molecular Weight and Percentage Composition
Chemically equivalent quantities